The ABCD2 score is a fast and effective risk stratification tool used to identify individuals at elevated risk of stroke in the days immediately following a TIA. A TIA, often called a “mini-stroke,” causes temporary neurological symptoms due to reduced blood flow but resolves without permanent damage.

However, TIAs are often a warning sign for a more serious stroke. Studies show that the highest risk occurs in the first 48 hours. Early intervention can reduce this risk significantly.

The ABCD2 score was developed to assist healthcare professionals in identifying which patients need urgent evaluation and treatment. It is commonly used in emergency departments, urgent care clinics, and primary care settings.

Its five criteria are based on the most predictive clinical features of early stroke following TIA. Patients scoring 4 or higher should be considered for immediate brain imaging, vascular studies, and possibly hospital admission. The score also helps determine the need for starting antiplatelet therapy, statins, or referral to neurology.

Conditions where ABCD2 is especially relevant:

• Sudden weakness or speech loss that resolved within minutes

• Transient vision loss in one eye

• Temporary numbness or confusion

• First-time unexplained neurological episodes